Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo0.9Cr0.1AlB solid solution

In this study, Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB solid solution ceramic bulks were prepared from the element powder mixtures using hot pressing sintering method. Compared with MoAlB ceramics, the grains of as-prepared Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB were refined obviously. The lattice constants of Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB were confirmed to be a = 3.205 Å, b = 13.999 Å and c = 3.098 Å. The density of Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB was lower than that of MoAlB due to the incorporation of Cr element. In addition, the effect of doping Cr element on the comprehensive mechanical properties was studied as well. The hardness and compressive strength were improved significantly. In comparison with MoAlB ceramic, the improvement of mechanical properties could be attributed to solid solution strengthening and grain refinement.     

A novel strategy for rapid fabrication of continuous carbon fiber reinforced (TiZrHfNbTa)C high-entropy ceramic composites: High-entropy alloy in-situ reactive melt infiltration

For the first time, dense continuous carbon fiber (C_f) reinforced (TiZrHfNbTa)C high-entropy ceramic (C_f/HEC) composites were rapidly prepared via in-situ reactive melt infiltration (RMI). A TiZrHfNbTa high-entropy alloy served as the cation source and carbon in C_f reinforced carbon matrix (C_f/C) preforms served as the anion source, and a (TiZrHfNbTa)C high-entropy ceramic phase with a near equimolar ratio was successfully formed. The results revealed that most of the TiZrHfNbTa high-entropy alloy reacted with the carbon matrix, and the harvested C_f/HEC composites exhibited an excellent bending strength (612.6 MPa) and low ablation rates. High reaction rates caused by ultra-high temperature and homogeneous distribution of elements in the high-entropy TiZrHfNbTa alloy significantly reduced the difference in reactivity with C among Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta are considered to be the reasons for successful formation of (TiZrHfNbTa)C high-entropy ceramic with a near equimolar ratio in C_f/HEC composites.     

Exergoeconomic analysis and determination of power cost in MCFC – steam turbine combined cycle

A novel combined molten carbonate fuel cell – steam turbine based system is proposed herein. In this cycle, steam is produced through the recovery of useful heat of an internal reforming MCFC and operates as work fluid in a Rankine cycle. Exergoeconomic analysis was performed, in order to verify the technical feasibility, including which components could be improved for greater efficiencies, as well as the cost of the power generated by the plant. A 10 MW MCFC was initially proposed, when the system reached 54.1% of thermal efficiency, 8.3% higher than MCFC alone, 11.9 MW of net power, 19% higher than MCFC alone, and an energy cost of 0.352 $/kWh. A sensitivity analysis was carried out and the parameters that most influenced on the cost were pointed out. The analysis pointed to the MCFC generation as the most impactful factor. By manipulating these values, it could be noted a significant power cost decrease, reaching satisfactory values to become economically feasible. The concept of economy of scale could be noticed in the proposed system, proving that a large-scale plant could be the focus of investment and public policies.     

Thermal Stress and Assembling Parameters Evolution of CMC Bolted Joint under Transient Thermal Loads

瞬态热载荷下陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接结构热应力及装配参数演化

赵淑媛¹,李正禹¹,蒲泽良¹,孙新杨²,张文娇³

（1哈尔滨工业大学 特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080;

2哈尔滨工业大学 航天学院,哈尔滨 150001;

3东北农业大学 工程学院,哈尔滨 150030）

创新点说明：

采用有限元软件对陶瓷基复合材料和高温合金螺栓连接结构进行热力耦合分析,分析了瞬态热载荷作用下热应力及装配参数的变化,为避免连接结构的早期破坏提供理论基础。

研究目的：

陶瓷基复合材料由于其耐高温、耐磨、抗高温蠕变、导热系数和热膨胀系数较低等特点,逐渐在飞行器热结构上得到广泛的应用。在飞行器结构中,陶瓷基复合材料常常不可避免的与金属件组成连接结构。当这种类型的结构件被用于高温瞬态热载荷状态下时,由于陶瓷基复合材料与金属的热膨胀不匹配,会导致连接部位产生额外的热应力,并改变接头的连接参数,从而使结构提前发生破坏。因此,研究瞬态热加载对陶瓷基复合材料-高温合金螺栓连接结构的影响,对其在航空航天领域的运用具有重要意义。

研究方法：

针对2D编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料与高温合金GH4169组成的螺栓连接结构,使用有限元软件ABAQUS建立单钉单搭接螺栓连接结构的热分析模型。通过计算得到模型在给定的热边界载荷作用下的瞬态温度场,将温度场结果导入到应力场分析中,结合材料模型的UMAT程序,实现了模型的热力耦合分析。通过研究连接结构在高温热载荷作用下产生的热应力场,讨论了瞬态升温过程对连接结构预紧力、钉孔配合精度产生的影响

结果：

2D编织C/SiC复合材料与高温合金组成的螺栓连接结构在受到温度载荷作用而产生温度变化后,装配时施加的预紧力会发生松弛现象,并且螺栓钉孔间的间隙也会缩小,预紧力下降值与温度载荷值呈现线性关系,钉孔间隙的减小值与温度载荷值呈现二次曲线的关系。

结论：

本研究针对陶瓷基复合材料和高温合金螺栓连接结构,研究了瞬态热加载条件下结构热应力及螺栓预紧力和钉孔间隙等装配参数的演化,所得结果将用以指导工程实践中陶瓷基复合材料连接件的设计和使用。

关键词：陶瓷基复合材料;热分析;热应力;预紧力;钉孔间隙

     

Bolt Design of Ceramic Matrix Composite and Superalloy Bolted Joint Based on Damage Failure Load

瞬态热载荷下陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接结构热应力及装配参数演化

吕超¹,赵淑媛^2*,李正禹²,蒲泽良²,董江龙²,孙新杨³,张文娇⁴

（1.中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京 100074;2．哈尔滨工业大学 特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080; 3．哈尔滨工业大学 航天学院,哈尔滨 150001;4．东北农业大学 工程学院,哈尔滨 150030）

创新点说明：

基于有限元软件ABAQUS对陶瓷基复合材料和高温合金螺栓连接结构的单轴拉伸性能进行渐进损伤分析,研究了螺钉几何参数对陶瓷基复合材料-高温合金螺栓连接结构拉伸性能及失效行为的影响规律,并给出了连接结构失效载荷最大时的螺钉尺寸参数。

研究目的：

陶瓷基复合材料由于其耐高温、耐磨、抗高温蠕变、导热系数和热膨胀系数较低等特点,逐渐在飞行器热结构上得到广泛的应用。在飞行器结构中,陶瓷基复合材料常常不可避免的与金属件组成连接结构。螺钉的尺寸参数显著影响陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接结构承载能力,对螺钉的几何尺寸进行设计对提高陶瓷基复合材料-金属螺栓连接结构的承载能力具有重要意义。

研究方法：

针对2D编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料与高温合金GH4169组成的螺栓连接结构,利用UMAT子程序将材料模型嵌入到ABAQUS有限元模型中建立了单钉单搭接螺栓连接结构的渐进损伤分析方法。基于已建立的C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料-高温合金螺栓连接结构的有限元模型,研究六角凸头螺钉的螺钉直径、钉头直径及钉头高度对于连接结构孔周应力分布、拉伸强度以及破坏方式的影响情况,讨论给出承载能力最大的螺钉最优几何参数。

研究结果：

C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料-高温合金螺栓连接结构的刚度随螺钉直径的增加小幅下降,受钉头直径与厚度的影响较小。在给定的螺钉直径、钉头直径及钉头厚度参数范围内,连接结构的拉伸强度均先随各参数的增加而增大而后降低,当螺钉直径为5mm,钉头直径为9.5mm,钉头厚度为2.8mm时室温最终失效载荷达到最大。

结论：

本研究基于ABAQUS有限元软件对2D编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料-高温合金进行有限元渐进损伤模拟分析,讨论螺钉尺寸参数对于连接结构拉伸性能的影响规律,为陶瓷基复合材料机械连接结构的工程应用提供设计分析基础及指导。

关键词：2D C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料;渐进损伤分析;拉伸性能;螺钉连接;螺钉参数

     

Modeling and experimental study on electrical impedance response to damage accumulation in 2D C/SiC composites

The electrical properties of C/SiC composites could be used for online and in-situ damage monitoring. To investigate alternating current (AC) impedance response to damage in the C/SiC composites, monotonic and incremental cyclic tensile tests were performed. Both AC impedance and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were applied to clarify the damage evolution during the tests. The relationship between damage and electrical impedance response was investigated and validated via macroscopic equivalent circuit models. The effects of longitudinal deformation and damage on AC impedance characteristics, including impedance magnitude and phase angle, were obtained from the models. Results showed that the longitudinal deformation increases the impedance magnitude and the phase angle, and the damage causes the impedance magnitude to increase and the phase angle to decrease. The phase angle is significantly sensitive to fiber breakage, which makes the AC-based method more suitable for online damage monitoring and final failure warning.     

Transparent diamond ceramics from diamond powder

Diamond possesses a unique combination of excellent optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, and is therefore an ideal transparent ceramic material for harsh and extreme environments. Due to its important applications in technology, transparent diamond ceramic (TDC) has been explored and prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or direct conversions of non-diamond carbon precursors at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT), but the preparation of large-size TDC with high mechanical strength remains a challenge. Here, we report for the first time, a transparent polycrystalline diamond ceramic from diamond powder with a transmittance of ～60 % at wavelengths of 400–1600 nm. The analyses of phase composition, residual stress and microstructure evolution of the sintered samples with different sintering conditions indicate that compression at high temperatures (>2000 ?C) facilitates the deformation of diamond grains, allowing for densification and diamond-diamond bonding formation. The sintering pressure of the diamond powders with an optimized particle size distribution was dramatically reduced from 16 GPa to 10 GPa. Our results, based on successfully preparing centimeter-sized TDC, set the standard and the precedent for the large-scale preparation of larger TDC in proximity to industrial conditions.     

Compressive experimental method and properties of C/C composites under ultra-high temperature environment

Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites are expected to serve as structural materials over 2800 ℃. Experiments under ultra-high temperatures (UHT) are critical and demanding. In this paper, we established the UHT compressive experiment technique using simultaneous Joule heating and compressive loading fixtures. The specimen was designed and validated to achieve uniform temperature and strain at the gauge section. Compressive strengths and failure behaviors of three-directional (3D) needled, 3D woven, and four-directional (4D) woven C/C composites under UHT up to 3100 ℃ were investigated. The failure modes and mechanism of strength differences were illustrated through mesoscopic surface morphologies. Results showed that the dog-bone-shaped specimen avoided crushing at loading ends and exhibited failure at gauge sections. Temperatures with peak compressive strengths for 3D and 4D woven C/C composites were determined. Differences between the C/C composites were related to heat treatment temperatures. The sublimation phenomenon was observed for 4D woven C/C composites over 3000 ℃, degrading the compressive strengths by over 50%.     

Unified tensile model for unidirectional ceramic matrix composites with degraded fibers and interface

In order to overcome the roughness of the previously proposed micromechanical model [Acta Mech. Sin. (2011) 382], an enhanced multiscale analytical model was thus developed based on the rule of mixture, shear-lag theory and statistical approach to forecast the load carrying capacity of the prestressed ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) subjected to high-temperature oxidation. For comprehensive characterization of the mechanical degradation mechanisms, the oxidation induced fiber necking (or embrittlement) and fiber-matrix interface weakening were both taken into account. The suggested model was then applied to 2D-C/SiC composites. The influences of interface friction resistance, interface recession length, fiber necking factor and oxidation duration upon the residual mechanical property were investigated. Parametric analysis demonstrates that the modified formulations are much more reasonable than the previous model. The predicted residual tensile modulus and strength for the 2D-C/SiC composite agree well with the experimental data and furthermore the microscopic damage mechanisms were correlated properly with the macroscopic fracture morphologies.     

Novel (Zr,Ti)B2-(Zr,Ti)C-SiC ceramics via reactive hot pressing

Fully dense (Zr, Ti)B₂-(Zr, Ti)C-SiC ceramics were prepared by reactive hot-pressing using ZrB₂, TiC, and SiC as the initial materials for the first time. Effects of SiC addition on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were reported. The in-situ reaction between ZrB₂ and TiC as well as the SiC addition leads to the grain refinement. Besides, elongated (Zr, Ti)B₂ plate-like grains are obtained due to the occurrence of a transient liquid phase, which leads to the crack deflection in the matrix effectively. Mechanical properties are improved significantly due to grain-refinement and solid solution strengthening, and plate-like grains toughening effects. The ZrB₂-10 mol%TiC composite with 10 mol% SiC additional exhibits good comprehensive mechanical properties of the hardness of 20.2 GPa, the flexural strength of 803 MPa, and the fracture toughness of 5.7 MPa m^1/2.